{"generated":"2026-06-21","source":"usgs","source_note":"USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 (data year 2024); https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center","commodities":[{"name":"Gallium","world_production":"760,000 kg (low-purity primary, gallium content)","top_producers":[{"country":"China","share_or_amount":"750,000 kg (~99% of world low-purity primary; export controls since Aug 2023)"},{"country":"Russia","share_or_amount":"6,000 kg"},{"country":"Japan","share_or_amount":"3,000 kg"},{"country":"Korea, Rep. of","share_or_amount":"3,000 kg"}],"us_net_import_reliance":"100% (of reported consumption)","year":2024,"source_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-gallium.pdf"},{"name":"Germanium","world_production":"Not quantified by USGS (most producers do not report)","top_producers":[{"country":"China","share_or_amount":"Leading producer (no share published; export controls since 2023)"},{"country":"Belgium, Canada, Germany, Russia, United States","share_or_amount":"Other named producers (no amounts published)"}],"us_net_import_reliance":">50% (of estimated consumption)","year":2024,"source_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-germanium.pdf"},{"name":"Silicon (silicon metal)","world_production":"4,600 thousand metric tons (silicon metal, 2024)","top_producers":[{"country":"China","share_or_amount":"3,900 thousand t (~85% of silicon metal)"},{"country":"Brazil","share_or_amount":"190 thousand t"},{"country":"Norway","share_or_amount":"120 thousand t"},{"country":"Germany","share_or_amount":"60 thousand t"}],"us_net_import_reliance":"<50% (total silicon); silicon metal <50%, ferrosilicon >50%","year":2024,"source_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-silicon.pdf"},{"name":"Rare earths (rare-earth oxide equivalent)","world_production":"390,000 metric tons (mine production, REO content, 2024)","top_producers":[{"country":"China","share_or_amount":"270,000 t (~69% of world mine production)"},{"country":"United States","share_or_amount":"45,000 t"},{"country":"Burma (Myanmar)","share_or_amount":"31,000 t"},{"country":"Australia","share_or_amount":"13,000 t"},{"country":"Thailand","share_or_amount":"13,000 t"},{"country":"Nigeria","share_or_amount":"13,000 t"}],"us_net_import_reliance":"80% (compounds and metals, 2024)","year":2024,"source_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-rare-earths.pdf"},{"name":"Tungsten","world_production":"81,000 metric tons (mine production, tungsten content, 2024)","top_producers":[{"country":"China","share_or_amount":"67,000 t (~83% of world mine production)"},{"country":"Vietnam","share_or_amount":"3,400 t"},{"country":"Russia","share_or_amount":"2,000 t"},{"country":"Bolivia","share_or_amount":"1,600 t"},{"country":"Rwanda","share_or_amount":"1,200 t"},{"country":"Australia","share_or_amount":"1,000 t"}],"us_net_import_reliance":">50%","year":2024,"source_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-tungsten.pdf"},{"name":"Palladium","world_production":"190,000 kg (palladium mine production, 2024)","top_producers":[{"country":"Russia","share_or_amount":"75,000 kg (~39%)"},{"country":"South Africa","share_or_amount":"72,000 kg (~38%)"},{"country":"Canada","share_or_amount":"15,000 kg"},{"country":"Zimbabwe","share_or_amount":"15,000 kg"},{"country":"United States","share_or_amount":"8,000 kg"}],"us_net_import_reliance":"36% (palladium, 2024)","year":2024,"source_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-platinum-group.pdf"},{"name":"Arsenic (arsenic trioxide)","world_production":"58,000 metric tons (arsenic trioxide, gross weight, 2024)","top_producers":[{"country":"Peru","share_or_amount":"27,000 t"},{"country":"China","share_or_amount":"24,000 t"},{"country":"Morocco","share_or_amount":"6,000 t"},{"country":"Belgium","share_or_amount":"1,000 t"},{"country":"Russia","share_or_amount":"200 t"},{"country":"Japan","share_or_amount":"40 t"}],"us_net_import_reliance":"100%","year":2024,"source_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-arsenic.pdf"},{"name":"Indium","world_production":"1,080 metric tons (refinery production, 2024)","top_producers":[{"country":"China","share_or_amount":"760 t (~70% of world refinery production)"},{"country":"Korea, Rep. of","share_or_amount":"180 t"},{"country":"Japan","share_or_amount":"60 t"},{"country":"Canada","share_or_amount":"35 t"},{"country":"France","share_or_amount":"21 t"},{"country":"Belgium","share_or_amount":"10 t"}],"us_net_import_reliance":"100% (of estimated consumption)","year":2024,"source_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-indium.pdf"},{"name":"Antimony","world_production":"100,000 metric tons (mine production, antimony content, 2024)","top_producers":[{"country":"China","share_or_amount":"60,000 t (~60%; banned all antimony exports to U.S. Dec 2024)"},{"country":"Tajikistan","share_or_amount":"17,000 t"},{"country":"Russia","share_or_amount":"13,000 t"},{"country":"Burma (Myanmar)","share_or_amount":"4,500 t"},{"country":"Bolivia","share_or_amount":"3,700 t"},{"country":"Australia","share_or_amount":"2,000 t"}],"us_net_import_reliance":"85%","year":2024,"source_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-antimony.pdf"}],"omitted":[{"name":"Neon","reason":"Industrial gas (not a USGS Mineral Commodity); no USGS figure available."}]}